The beauty of the hads score is its simplicity, speed and ease. Depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. The findings of this study were published by zigmond. Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. The hads is a validated tool, and although first designed to be used in an acute care hospital setting, it has been found to perform well in identification and assessing severity of anxiety disorders and depression in primary care patients, outpatient clinics, and the general population. They should give an immediate response and be dissuaded from thinking too long about their answers. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is an instrument designed to detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and. Full details of the method of construction of the hads is given. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads patients are asked to choose one response from the four given for each interview. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Pdf the validity of the hospital anxiety and depression. Its purpose is to provide clinicians with an acceptable, reliable, valid and easy to use. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night.
The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads instructions. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in.
James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a self. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research. Jul, 2019 hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. Full details of the method of construction of the hads is given in the publication presenting it but, briefly, patients.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hadsa and a depression subscale hadsd both containing seven intermingled items. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in both research and clinical contexts. The result of the study undertaken for this purpose was published under the title of the hospital anxiety. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale milly. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads description. The study was conducted in the setting of a general medical hospital outpatient clinic. Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale. General practitioners gps diagnostic skills lead to underidentification of generalized anxiety disorders gad and major depressive episodes mde. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, a fourpoint, 14item questionnaire, was tested as a screening method for adjustment disorders and major depressive disorders in a sample of 210.
Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads aastha. Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. Yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. The depression anxiety and stress scale, or dass21, is a 21 question assessment that was developed to measure the degree of depression, anxiety and stress in an individual. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink.
The popularity of a scale does not guarantee that it is feasible. Use of the general health questionnaire in clinical work. However, uk normative data from hads remain limited. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. It is used extensively in france, but has never been the.
Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale manual 2019 natural. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads detects states of anxiety and depression in an adult population. However uk normative data from hads remains limited. The had scale consists of a total of 14 questions with seven each on symptoms of anxiety and depression. It is presented as an easy to use questionnai re which allows to establish the presence and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed from a study conducted in the outpatient clinic of a general medical hospital. This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity of each disorder, with each.
A copy of the hospital anxiety and depression had sca openi. The result of the study undertaken for this purpose was published under the title of the hospital anxiety and depression scale 11. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. Bgp article hospital anxiety and depression had scale. Aug 01, 2003 construction of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads the study was conducted in the setting of a general medical hospital outpatient clinic. Hads hospital anxiety and depression scale pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely this tool has been translated and validated in many countries and its capacity. Jul 27, 2014 the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in both research and clinical contexts. The hospital anxiety and depression had scale developed by zigmond and snaith 6 for the screening of psychological problems is short and simple, and has been found to be valid in the general practice setting 7. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. This is a self screening questionnaire for depression and anxiety.
Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a valid. Abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety in the setting of an hospital medical outpatient clinic. How do i interpret the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. The hospital anxiety and depression had scale developed by zigmond and snaith 6 for the screening of psychological problems is short and simple, and has been found to be valid in the general. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care medical practice. The hads is a validated tool, and although first designed to be used in an acute care hospital setting, it has been found to perform well in identification and assessing severity of anxiety disorders and. In a crosssectional study, the hadsd and the bdi were applied to patients undergoing spine surgery for lumbar n9 or cervical spondylosis n17. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders. Dec 14, 2005 general practitioners gps diagnostic skills lead to underidentification of generalized anxiety disorders gad and major depressive episodes mde. To reduce the risk of a false positive bias, the scale does not assess symptoms of anxiety and depression related to. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in different groups of dutch subjects. It includes seven 7 questions for each and the scores are calculated by adding up the scores for each item in the section.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale the hads is a selfadministered scale consisting of 14 items split across anxiety and depression subscales, each with a fourpoint ordinal response format. The hads hospital anxiety and depression scale aims to measure symptoms of anxiety hads anxiety and depression hads depression. Reliability and validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the beck depression inventory full and fastscreen scales in detecting depression in persons with hepatitis c. The patient should be instructed not to take too long over their replies. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is an instrument designed to detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and depression. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. The questions relating to anxiety are marked a, and to depression d.
The aims of this study were to examine the usefulness of the hospital anxiety and depression rating scale hads for gps by. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, a physician in general hospital practice said that. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is. Handling missing items in the hospital anxiety and. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. The hospital anxiety and depression scale zigmond 1983. Anxiety depression summary the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. Translation find a translation for hospital anxiety and depression scale in other languages. The result of the study undertaken for this purpose was published under the title of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Participants were interrogated regarding the following. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents. Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content.
A 14item questionnaire with two subscales, researchers have used the sub scales separately, or as a composite score to measure or screen for distress, in various fields including oncology, cardiology, psychology and psychiatry, both in research. To evaluate the accuracy of the depression subscale of hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd in spine surgery, comparing it to beck depression inventory bdi. Construction of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads the study was conducted in the setting of a general medical hospital outpatient clinic. They should give an immediate response and be dissuaded from thinking too.
407 1199 294 20 346 1144 381 943 205 1490 1543 1361 608 567 833 1415 194 1571 1247 311 100 1214 123 520 1001 1281 400 819 1307 520 92 62 272 1210 308 1258 550 1229 425 120 35 479 715 128 641 199 1479 1014